According to the analysis results, the BLE wireless signal strength is susceptible to interference in the manufacturing environment but still workable on certain occasions. Nevertheless, the positioning accuracy dropped to a meter-scale accuracy when the measurements were executed in a three-dimensional configuration and complex environment. As the experiment results showed, the positioning accuracy could reach 10 cm when the beacons and scanners were at the same horizontal plane in a less-noisy environment. The analysis methods applied to process the data for precise positioning included the Signal propagation model, Trilateration, Modification coefficient, and Kalman filter. The measurement paradigm consisted of three segments, RSSI–distance conversion, multi-beacon in-plane, and diverse directional measurement. Beacons and scanners used two Bluetooth specifications, BLE 5.0 and 4.2, for experimentations. Its recent signal stability and propagation distance improvement inspired us to conduct this project. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is one of the RF-based technologies that has been utilizing Received Signal Strength Indicators (RSSI) in indoor position location systems (IPS) for decades.
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